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A sweeping, first-of-its-kind history of the creation of modern Italy

The birth of modern Italy was a messy affair. Inspired by a small group of writers, intellectuals, and politicians, Italy struggled in the first half of the nineteenth century to unite all Italians under one rule, throwing aside a multitude of corrupt old rulers and foreign occupiers. In the midst of this turmoil, Italian politicians felt compelled by a force of destiny” hideously at odds with Italian reality. After great sacrifice Italy was finally unified -- and turned out to be just as fragile, impoverished, and backward as it had been before. The resentments this created led to Italy’s destructive role in World War I, the subsequent rise of Mussolini and authoritarianism in the 1920s and ’30s, and the nation's humiliating defeat in World War II. This haunting legacy deeply informs the Italy of today.

Christopher Duggan skillfully interweaves Italy's art, music, literature, and architecture with its economic and social realities and political development to tell this extraordinary European story. The first English-language book to cover the full scope of modern Italy, from its origins more than two hundred years ago to the present, The Force of Destiny is a brilliant and comprehensive study -- and a frightening example of how easily nation-building and nationalism can slip toward authoritarianism and war.

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本书希望探索在过去两个世纪里，民族主义观念如何在意大利发展壮大，并考察政治家、学者等群体为弥合想象的共同体与现实之间的鸿沟而提出的部分方案（尽管所谓现实本身也常常是想象的产物，而非客观描述）。鉴于历史中思想与情感的源流纵横交错、无穷无尽，一切作品不可避免地仅能构建起关于精神与物质世界之间复杂互动的部分图景；而人与人之间对问题的不同见解与反应模式，也意味着书中关于某些层面的讨论必然存在缺失和不足。不过，我希望在叙述过程中阐明，该用何种术语来表述意大利民族的难题为何会在其近代历史中反复出现，我们虽不应将这些民族国家的术语当作历史发展的必然产物，但它们仍应被视为构成历史图景的要素与模型，而历史学者的任务就是对它们进行辨认和区分。

马志尼的目标是制造信仰，而信仰又是一种建立在希望与简单准则之上的天然直觉（“要记住，宗教是人民的一种欲望与需求”），平淡枯燥的分析并无益处。

书籍介绍

A sweeping, first-of-its-kind history of the creation of modern Italy

The birth of modern Italy was a messy affair. Inspired by a small group of writers, intellectuals, and politicians, Italy struggled in the first half of the nineteenth century to unite all Italians under one rule, throwing aside a multitude of corrupt old rulers and foreign occupiers. In the midst of this turmoil, Italian politicians felt compelled by a force of destiny” hideously at odds with Italian reality. After great sacrifice Italy was finally unified -- and turned out to be just as fragile, impoverished, and backward as it had been before. The resentments this created led to Italy’s destructive role in World War I, the subsequent rise of Mussolini and authoritarianism in the 1920s and ’30s, and the nation's humiliating defeat in World War II. This haunting legacy deeply informs the Italy of today.

Christopher Duggan skillfully interweaves Italy's art, music, literature, and architecture with its economic and social realities and political development to tell this extraordinary European story. The first English-language book to cover the full scope of modern Italy, from its origins more than two hundred years ago to the present, The Force of Destiny is a brilliant and comprehensive study -- and a frightening example of how easily nation-building and nationalism can slip toward authoritarianism and war.